Flags of the Napoleonic Wars (2): Colours, Standards and Guidons of Austria, Britain, Prussia and Russia: v. 2 (Men-at-Arms)

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Repubblica Subalpina" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 17 October 2017 . Retrieved 27 February 2017.

In 1811, greatcoats were given coloured cuffs that matched the regiment within the division. For example, one department had this scheme: The congress also deliberated the constitution of an Italian Legion, later renamed Cispadane Legion, [32] which was to participate together with France in a war against the Austrians. The military banner of this military unit, which consisted of five cohorts of six hundred soldiers each, was composed of a red, white and green tricolour, probably inspired by the similar decision of the Lombard Legion: [19] [20] [17] On the document, the term "green" was subsequently crossed out and replaced by "blue", the colour that forms — together with white and red — the French flag. [4] The war flag of the Lombard Legion [ edit ]

USING THE PRINTED FLAGS

A. A. V. V (23 July 2009). Armi e nazione. Dalla Repubblica Cisalpina al Regno d'Italia (1797-1814) (in Italian). ISBN 9788856809985 . Retrieved 19 March 2016. The application of the Concordat and the taking of Naples led to Napoleon's first struggles with the Pope, centred around Pius VII renewing the theocratic affirmations of Pope Gregory VII. The emperor's Roman ambition was made more visible by the occupation of the Kingdom of Naples and of the Marches, and by the entry of General Sextius Alexandre François de Miollis into Rome; while General Jean-Andoche Junot invaded Portugal, Marshal Murat took control of formerly Roman Spain as Regent. Soon after, Napoleon had his brother, Joseph, crowned King of Spain and sent him there to take control.

Spain used up the soldiers needed for Napoleon's other fields of battle, and they had to be replaced by conscripts. Spanish resistance affected Austria, and indicated the potential of national resistance. The provocations of Talleyrand and Britain strengthened the idea that the Austrians could emulate the Spanish. On 10 April 1809, Austria invaded France's ally, Bavaria. The campaign of 1809, however, would not be nearly as long and troublesome for France as the one in Spain and Portugal. Following a short and decisive action in Bavaria, Napoleon opened up the road to the Austrian capital of Vienna for a second time. At Aspern, Napoleon suffered his first serious tactical defeat, along with the death of Marshal Jean Lannes, an able commander and dear friend of the emperor. The victory at Wagram, however, forced Austria to sue for peace. The Treaty of Schönbrunn, signed on 14 December 1809, resulted in the annexation of the Illyrian Provinces and recognised past French conquests. Pope, Stephen (1999). The Cassel Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. Cassel. ISBN 978-0-304-35229-6.In another session, dated 30 December 1796, the congress had approved a motion, amidst shower of applause such was the fervor of the delegates, which read: [49] The final choice of a green, white and red flag was not without a prior discussion. Instead of the green, the Italian Jacobins favoured the blue of the French flag, while the members of the papacy preferred the yellow of the Papal States' banner. Regarding the white and red, there were no disputes. [24] Finally, the discussion on the third colour focused on green, which was later approved as a compromise solution. [24] The choice of green was most probably inspired by the tricolour green, white and red military flag of the Lombard Legion, the first Italian military department to equip itself, as a banner, with an Italian tricolour flag. [19]